Location, Location, Location
Supposedly the only things that matter in real estate are location, location and then location. The phrase has been attributed to a certain Harold Samuel in 1926 — it was a little before the depression so it might have been true then. Today though we probably expect a little more — a tent by the side of Lake Michigan in the winter is not going to hack it — however beautiful it is.
When it comes to having a special event, location is one of the factors but probably not the topmost one. When it comes to looking at places to have an event, there is a list of things you consider before location.
The Date
Some events have to take place on a specific date, others are movable. Incidentally, if you want a provenance for a moveable special date — take a look at Easter. It falls on the first Sunday after the first calculated Full Moon on or after March 21st, which isn’t as arbitrary as it seems.
The Celebration
The next thing you look at is what the Event is all about — and then you’ll look to a venue that is appropriate for that sort of event. If you’re holding a luau you might be better off with a beach setting than a haunted castle.
The Weather
Coinciding with your time Date and event type is what the weather is likely to do. If you’re in Florida you probably can rely on it being warm and it could be very dry or very wet — so the ability to move in and outdoors as the sun breaks through is a good idea.
The Size
How many people are coming to this thing? If you have thousands of the big question is bathrooms. If you have hundreds it is still worth thinking about. But the venue has to suit the occasion. Thirty people having dinner in a room that can seat three hundred is not going to be a cozy and successful event. Even if they are the best of friends it would be hard to create an atmosphere in that much space.
Okay — now we can talk location
At last, we can come to the event location. This is such a personal thing, but there are a couple of things to look for, is it easy to get to? Are there places to stay and most important of all — do you like it?
Who said "location, location, location"?
It’s location, location, location for Land Secs. Land Securities was founded in 1944 by Harold Samuel, the man who coined the phrase "location, location, location".
Just so, who is famous for saying Location Location Location?
But choosing the next ‘in’ place may not be so easy. Bo Kremer-Jones reports One of the most famous quotes to come out of the business world is probably that uttered by Conrad Hilton: "Location, location, location".
In fact, is there a way to search for a quote? Quotation Search. To search for quotations, enter a phrase to search for in the quotation, a whole or partial author name, or both. Also specify the collections to search in below. See the Search Instructions for details.
Besides, which is the best quote for locational arrangements?
“Polished Knives was one of those dark, sultry places with enough glossy surfaces to convince almost anyone that blood hadn’t stained them.” “Be intentional about locational arrangements. Your location determines your allocation.”
In respect to this, what’s the best quote about seeing places you know?
“There is something particularly fascinating about seeing places you know in a piece of art — be that in a film, or a photograph, or a painting.” “There was rarely an obvious branching point in a person’s life. People changed slowly, over time. You didn’t take one step, then find yourself in a completely new location.
20 Similar Question Found
How long has location location location been in glasgow?
The duo have fronted Glasgow-based Location, Location, Location for 18 years and hope to see out their 20th anniversary. Regulars on the Glasgow indie scene, the likeable four-piece have the world in their sights — but only a small piece at a time.
When is the 20th anniversary of location location location?
The 20th anniversary of the series called Location, Location, Location: 20 Years and Counting was aired on 27 August 2020. ^ On Language: Location, Location, Location Safire, William; 26 June 2009.
When did the show location location location start?
The reality show follows Allsopp and Spencer as they try to find the perfect home for a different set of buyers each week. It first aired in May 2000. The 2007 series had a major revamp. The opening titles logo was changed and the format of the show altered.
Who are the presenters of location location location?
For the Australian TV series, see Location Location Location Australia. Location, Location, Location is a Channel 4 property programme, presented by Kirstie Allsopp and Phil Spencer and produced by IWC Media, part of the RDF Media Group.
What does location location location mean on airriva?
Location, location, location means steps away from shops, venues, restaurants, bars & parks—but still easily accessible to business destinations. Up-to-the-year renovations, brand name appliances & design personality—ensuring guests experience the very best for a night or a month.
What did joanne alderton mean by location location location?
You’re a star. Joanne’s approach of location, location, location meant that on an orientation trip we saw areas that we would be comfortable living in rather than just random houses somewhere.
What is the meaning of location location location?
A cliché used by property experts is that the three most important factors in determining the desirability of a property are "location, location, location". This tricolon appears in print as early as 1926, though it is often incorrectly attributed to the real estate magnate Harold Samuel.
How did the show location location location change?
The opening titles logo was changed and the format of the show altered. Instead of only one couple per week looking for a house in a town, two couples with different tastes look for a house in the same city with the presenters going back and forth to the different househunters. Each episode was extended to 60 minutes from the original 30.
Which is the first episode of location location location?
Each episode was extended to 60 minutes from the original 30. The first episode featured Glasgow and the second Sheffield . A cliché used by property experts is that the three most important factors in determining the desirability of a property are "location, location, location".
Where did the phrase location location location come from?
Moments later: “Here it is, from a 1926 real estate classified ad in the Chicago Tribune: ‘Attention salesmen, sales managers: location, location, location, close to Rogers Park.’ ” That usage appeared when Harold Samuel was 14 years old in London, too young to make deals.
Where was location location location located in 1926?
Without a beat, he replied: “I remember one. Should be here on my computer.” Moments later: “Here it is, from a 1926 real estate classified ad in the Chicago Tribune: ‘Attention salesmen, sales managers: location, location, location, close to Rogers Park.’ ”
Why do real estate agents say location location location?
It’s the real estate agents’ mantra: Location, location, location. You’ve probably heard the phrase often and may wonder what inspires agents to say the word three times. In a nutshell, location, location, location means homes can experience large increases or decreases in value due to nothing other than their location.
Who is the owner of location location location?
In addition to her writing for The Balance, Elizabeth is the author " The Short Sale Savior: How to Turn Your Upside Down Mortgage Right Side Up" and is the co-owner and Weintraub & Wallace Realtors in Sacramento. "Location, location, location." You may have heard this mantra when talking to an agent about home values.
Why do people keep saying location location location?
One of the biggest reasons to continue beating the drum of Location, Location, Location is the problem of talent acquisition. Until your company has the kind of prestige that would cause a job seeker to move across the country to join your team, you’re going to have to rely on local pools of talent.
Who are the hosts of location location location?
Location, Location, Location is a Channel 4 property programme, presented by Kirstie Allsopp and Phil Spencer and produced by IWC Media, part of the RDF Media Group. The reality show follows Allsopp and Spencer as they try to find the perfect home for a different set of buyers each week. It first aired in May 2000.
Who are the people in location location location?
Phil Spencer catches up with Katy and Charlie in Brighton, and Janet in east London We catch up with two sets of house-hunters whose searches were about family and gardens Elliot and James aren’t sure where to buy. Pam and Ross want the perfect family home. Digi needs a future-proof home. Rebecca and Sohail want rid of renting.
Why are people obsessed with location location location?
Jealousy, perhaps, if you’re not even on the bottom rung; or conceitedness, if you’re already well up there, looking down. Or, worse still, an inner Thatcherite, not just fuelling a national obsession, but also having a say in your viewing habits.
What’s the difference between location and’location’?
The kind of love that you would travel all over the country to find. It’s just a story of searching for something that we all want in life no matter who we are and that’s a real genuine lover, but it doesn’t come easy. ‘Location’ is a story of young love. The kind of love that you would travel all over the country to find.
Is the location of my ip address the same as my location?
The location data is just an estimate of the IP Address Location and is not the exact location of the user.
How to contact acuity brands wet location wet location?
Acuity Brands is dedicated to providing outstanding technical support. Please click on the appropriate link below, or feel free to call us at 1.800.705.SERV (7378). Please click on the appropriate link below to learn more about Acuity Brands terms & conditions and product warranty options.
Location, location, location. Как сегодня трансформировались эти три золотых правила ритейла?
Десятилетиями три главных правила успеха в ритейле звучали просто: «Локация, локация и локация». Место расположения магазина решало все в его судьбе. Пандемия самым удивительным образом трансформировала эту формулу. Но лишь усилив главное. Теперь покупки действительно стали локальными! Как этот тренд проявляется на российском рынке и какие возможности открывает, в своей колонке рассуждает Алексей Филатов, основатель BBCG и «Академии ритейла».
Глобальная атака вируса мгновенно остановила бешеный ритм жизни нескольких миллиардов человек на планете. Главными стали простые, самые базовые потребности: безопасность, дом, семья. Путешествия и вообще перемещения в пространстве сократились до минимума.
Все, что необходимо для жизни, мы заказываем домой или покупаем в самом близком к дому/работе магазине.
Именно так, по данным экспертов World Retail Congress, ведут себя потребители во всем мире. Об этом же свидетельствуют трафик и продажи российских ритейлеров. Посмотрите: когда у нас открылись двери даже самых успешных ТЦ, мягко скажем, ажиотажного трафика не возникло. Были либо целевые покупки в заранее спланированных магазинах – это отложенный спрос, – либо «ближайшее доступное путешествие» – в торговый центр. Но тогда уже без покупок ☺. Трафик в ТЦ в среднем сократился на 30–40%. А туристические пространства, такие как центр города, фактически оказались пустыми, падение до 80% like-for-like к аналогичному периоду прошлого года.
Напротив, вместо ТЦ покупатели пошли в магазины у дома и стрит-ритейл. А местом для «доступного путешествия» стали ближайшие fashion outlet villages.
Сошлюсь на блестящее интервью основателя Value Retail (глобальный лидер в секторе аутлетов) Скотта Малкина: «Наши открытия после режима пандемии показали рост среднего чека и трафика, покупатели погрузились в мир доступной роскоши вместо заграничных поездок». В московском fashion retail роль «заграницы» блестяще начали исполнять аутлеты «Белая дача» и «Внуково». Их атмосфера рождает воспоминания о европейских поездках своих покупателей. И, кстати, во многом трафик и продажи здесь высокие еще и потому, что аутлеты теперь гораздо ближе к новому, то есть загородному, дому состоятельных москвичей.
Несомненно, в многолетнем столкновении торговых центров и стрит-ритейла сегодня выигрывает последний.
Здесь трафик после открытия близок к докризисному, а продажи иногда даже превышают LFL прошлого года. Кроме того, центром внимания стали магазины товаров для дома и ремонта. И в первую очередь бренды, предлагающие клиентам неповторимые решения, как IKEA. И это неудивительно, ведь свое жилище теперь центр новой жизни у большинства покупателей. А обустройство дома – единственное доступное хобби и антистресс.
Что это значит? Итак, людям нужны решения в непосредственной близости от своего дома или работы. Как в режиме карантина, так и после него открытия живых магазинов продажи в ритейле стали локальными!
Этот тренд дает определенные преимущества территориально распределенным розничным сетям. Но, чтобы удовлетворить этот новый спрос, многое придется перестроить. В первую очередь локальным и геотаргетированным должен стать цифровой маркетинг. А также системы обратной связи! Во-вторых, анализ данных как никогда необходимо также локализовать в привязке к конкретным магазинам, чтобы делать точные предложения местным сообществам покупателей.
И наконец, чтобы оставаться релевантным спросу, ритейлеру нужна быстрая сборка и доставка заказов по району. Онлайн-покупки вошли в привычку, e-com приобрел 15 000 000 только новых клиентов за два месяца изоляции. Локальная доставка (читай – короткое плечо и высокая скорость исполнения заказа) является мощным конкурентным преимуществом. Поле прикладных решений, особенно для территориально распределенных сетей, здесь огромное: технологии dark stores, консьерж-службы, интеграция с крупными цифровыми платформами доставки и многое-многое другое!
В течение двух месяцев Академия ритейла изучала новейший опыт локализации бизнеса среди европейских и американских компаний, опрашивала экспертов World Retail Congress, а также внимательно следила за успешными практиками в нашей стране. Итогом стала новая образовательная программа для топ-менеджеров: «Локальный маркетинг и локальная доставка».
Можно ли пропустить и не учитывать новый тренд на локализацию? Конечно, да, если верить в краткосрочность произошедших перемен и быстрое восстановление привычного поведения покупателей. Но опыт не только последних двух месяцев, а уже нескольких лет явно свидетельствует: за каждым значимым изменением на рынке все чаще следует новое, а не откат назад. Думаю, неслучайно еще задолго до пандемии в среде лидеров глобального розничного конгресса родился даже особый термин – High Velocity Retail (высокоскоростной ритейл). Речь о вашей способности быстро и эффективно отражать непрерывные изменения. Именно это качество становится базой конкурентоспособности.
Retail.ru
Десятилетиями три главных правила успеха в ритейле звучали просто: «Локация, локация и локация». Место расположения магазина решало все в его судьбе. Пандемия самым удивительным образом трансформировала эту формулу. Но лишь усилив главное. Теперь покупки действительно стали локальными! Как этот тренд проявляется на российском рынке и какие возможности открывает, в своей колонке рассуждает Алексей Филатов, основатель BBCG и «Академии ритейла».
Глобальная атака вируса мгновенно остановила бешеный ритм жизни нескольких миллиардов человек на планете. Главными стали простые, самые базовые потребности: безопасность, дом, семья. Путешествия и вообще перемещения в пространстве сократились до минимума.
Все, что необходимо для жизни, мы заказываем домой или покупаем в самом близком к дому/работе магазине.
Именно так, по данным экспертов World Retail Congress, ведут себя потребители во всем мире. Об этом же свидетельствуют трафик и продажи российских ритейлеров. Посмотрите: когда у нас открылись двери даже самых успешных ТЦ, мягко скажем, ажиотажного трафика не возникло. Были либо целевые покупки в заранее спланированных магазинах – это отложенный спрос, – либо «ближайшее доступное путешествие» – в торговый центр. Но тогда уже без покупок ☺. Трафик в ТЦ в среднем сократился на 30–40%. А туристические пространства, такие как центр города, фактически оказались пустыми, падение до 80% like-for-like к аналогичному периоду прошлого года.
Напротив, вместо ТЦ покупатели пошли в магазины у дома и стрит-ритейл. А местом для «доступного путешествия» стали ближайшие fashion outlet villages.
Сошлюсь на блестящее интервью основателя Value Retail (глобальный лидер в секторе аутлетов) Скотта Малкина: «Наши открытия после режима пандемии показали рост среднего чека и трафика, покупатели погрузились в мир доступной роскоши вместо заграничных поездок». В московском fashion retail роль «заграницы» блестяще начали исполнять аутлеты «Белая дача» и «Внуково». Их атмосфера рождает воспоминания о европейских поездках своих покупателей. И, кстати, во многом трафик и продажи здесь высокие еще и потому, что аутлеты теперь гораздо ближе к новому, то есть загородному, дому состоятельных москвичей.
Несомненно, в многолетнем столкновении торговых центров и стрит-ритейла сегодня выигрывает последний.
Здесь трафик после открытия близок к докризисному, а продажи иногда даже превышают LFL прошлого года. Кроме того, центром внимания стали магазины товаров для дома и ремонта. И в первую очередь бренды, предлагающие клиентам неповторимые решения, как IKEA. И это неудивительно, ведь свое жилище теперь центр новой жизни у большинства покупателей. А обустройство дома – единственное доступное хобби и антистресс.
Что это значит? Итак, людям нужны решения в непосредственной близости от своего дома или работы. Как в режиме карантина, так и после него открытия живых магазинов продажи в ритейле стали локальными!
Этот тренд дает определенные преимущества территориально распределенным розничным сетям. Но, чтобы удовлетворить этот новый спрос, многое придется перестроить. В первую очередь локальным и геотаргетированным должен стать цифровой маркетинг. А также системы обратной связи! Во-вторых, анализ данных как никогда необходимо также локализовать в привязке к конкретным магазинам, чтобы делать точные предложения местным сообществам покупателей.
И наконец, чтобы оставаться релевантным спросу, ритейлеру нужна быстрая сборка и доставка заказов по району. Онлайн-покупки вошли в привычку, e-com приобрел 15 000 000 только новых клиентов за два месяца изоляции. Локальная доставка (читай – короткое плечо и высокая скорость исполнения заказа) является мощным конкурентным преимуществом. Поле прикладных решений, особенно для территориально распределенных сетей, здесь огромное: технологии dark stores, консьерж-службы, интеграция с крупными цифровыми платформами доставки и многое-многое другое!
В течение двух месяцев Академия ритейла изучала новейший опыт локализации бизнеса среди европейских и американских компаний, опрашивала экспертов World Retail Congress, а также внимательно следила за успешными практиками в нашей стране. Итогом стала новая образовательная программа для топ-менеджеров: «Локальный маркетинг и локальная доставка».
Можно ли пропустить и не учитывать новый тренд на локализацию? Конечно, да, если верить в краткосрочность произошедших перемен и быстрое восстановление привычного поведения покупателей. Но опыт не только последних двух месяцев, а уже нескольких лет явно свидетельствует: за каждым значимым изменением на рынке все чаще следует новое, а не откат назад. Думаю, неслучайно еще задолго до пандемии в среде лидеров глобального розничного конгресса родился даже особый термин – High Velocity Retail (высокоскоростной ритейл). Речь о вашей способности быстро и эффективно отражать непрерывные изменения. Именно это качество становится базой конкурентоспособности.
Location, Location, Location
As I discuss in my book, The Making of the Populist Movement, the rise of the Populist movement in the American West during the late nineteenth century is commonly described as a response to economic hardship at the hands of railroads and grain elevator companies who worked together to dictate the terms according to which crops such as wheat would make their way to market. Until recently, the ability to quantify the relationship between market position and Populist mobilization has been hindered by a lack of data. This is true in two respects. First, in the absence of information on the distribution of market infrastructure such as rail lines and grain elevators, scholars have been forced to measure market position in terms of crop choice. While certain crops may have fetched a higher or more stable price, this misses the fact that Populist grievances were not so much about price per se as they were about the structural inequities in a marketing system that allowed various intermediaries to capture the benefits of farmers’ labor. Second, in contrast to voting data, which are systematically recorded as part of the election process, comprehensive information on the size and location of key movement organizations such as the Farmers’ Alliance has been hard—though not impossible—to come by. Consequently, quantitative accounts of the Populist movement have focused overwhelmingly on the electoral phase of the movement, which began as an outgrowth of Alliance activities before taking on a life of its own following the emergence of the People’s Party in 1891.
In a previous post, I showed how the first problem can be resolved by using network analysis to examine information gleaned from the Rand McNally Business Atlas and Shipping Guide and the annual reports of the South Dakota Board of Railroad Commissioners. The resulting analysis allows us to see which towns had rail lines, as well as the larger pattern of connections that emerged from the tripartite relationship between railroads, towns, and grain elevator companies. In this post, I turn to the second problem. As I will show, finding information on Alliance organizations and their membership is not enough. To make this data useable, we need to be able link information on the location of organizations to information on the distribution of the population. This raises the question of what it means to talk about the location of an organization versus the location of its members. To anticipate the discussion below, the solution is to incorporate information on geographic uncertainty by randomizing the location of organizations and then combining results across a large number of simulated datasets. The result is a form of multiple geographic imputation in which the effects of locational uncertainty are reflected in the standard errors attached to point estimates representing the probability of Alliance formation, the expected size of the resulting organizations, and the expected number of people mobilized overall (i.e., the expected size of the resulting organizations multiplied by the probability of Alliance formation).
The Search for Membership Data
Searching for historical data can be a bit like trying to find a needle in a haystack, with the important caveat that there is no guarantee that there is actually a needle to be found. As highlighted by Ali Cirone in a series of posts (here, here, and here), things have gotten increasingly easier in the digital age, with new data becoming available online every day. Such is the case with data on Populist organizing. The South Dakota Historical Society now maintains a publicly available database with information on more than seventeen thousand people who were associated with the South Dakota Farmers’ Alliance between 1890 and 1894. The database includes information on members’ names, the post offices that they used, the local organization with which they were affiliated, and whether or not they paid dues in a given year. This can be seen in the screenshot below, which depicts a subset of Alliance members from the area around the city of Miller, which served—and continues to serve—as the county seat for Hand County.
In the book, I use the number of individuals who paid dues in 1890 to estimate the number of people mobilized by the Alliance in the East River region of South Dakota on the eve of the electoral turn. By this measure, there were nearly five hundred local Alliance organizations—also known as suballiances—in operation in the East River region as of 1890, with the average suballiance including somewhere between fifteen and sixteen members. What we really want to know, however, is whether the number of people mobilized by the Alliance varied systematically as a function of various covariates including market position. I’ll discuss these connections at length in a future post. For now, I want to focus on the challenges associated with trying to capture the spatial distribution of Alliance activity relative to the distribution of the population, as indicated by the 1890 census, which provides population figures for more than eight hundred minor civil divisions across the East River region. The goal is to combine data on local Alliance activity with data on the size of the local population by using information on location of Alliance members to match Alliance organizations to the civil townships used to define minor civil divisions in South Dakota during this period.
What’s in a Location?
When it comes to figuring out the exact location of the individuals mobilized by the South Dakota Farmers’ Alliance, we have two pieces of information to go on: the name of the post office that they used and the name of the organization to which they belonged. It is tempting to imagine that the name of the post office that one used corresponded to the name of the town where they lived. The search options associated with the Alliance database would seem to suggest as much, in the sense that selecting values for the town field on the database homepage returns results based on which post office individuals were said to have used. This can be seen in the search results shown above. Note, however, that while the individuals listed all use the Miller post office, they do not belong to the Miller Alliance, but belong instead to Alliance organizations in the surrounding communities of Alpha and Rockdale. Looking at the full set of results reveals that the Miller post office served as the primary postal address for six different Alliance organizations, each of which appeared to be affiliated with a different township.
This is all to say that an organization’s location is likely to be a better indication of the location of its members than the post office addresses that they happened to use, though the two were closely related. Examining the relationship between the location implied by an organization’s name and the postal addresses used by its members, we find that in the majority of cases, an organization’s location is fairly close to what we get when we take the weighted average of the locations of the post offices to which its members were tied, with weights determined by the share of members using each address. When I first began working with this data, I had the idea of using the weighted average of postal locations to help assign organizations to townships in cases where an organization’s name does not refer to a readily identifiable location in the county with which it is associated. This led to a meta-question about what it means to talk about the location of an organization when the exact location of its members is unknown.
To make things more concrete, imagine that we knew the exact meeting place of each of the Alliance organizations that was in operation in the East River region of South Dakota in 1890. On its face, this would suggest a world in which the location of each organization was known exactly, allowing us to assign organizations to townships in straightforward manner. The problem is that organizations do not exist independently of their members, who are arrayed across some wider catchment area. When we say that the location of a local Alliance organization is known, what we really mean is that we have a decent guess about the locus of organizing activity, but even that is uncertain due to the absence of exact information on the location of individuals. To put it another way, we are uncertain about the locus of organizing activity regardless of whether an organization’s can be matched to a known location. The difference between matched and unmatched organizations is simply the degree of uncertainty that we attach to our initial guess about the center of organizing activity for any given suballiance.
Rather than sticking with our initial guesses regarding the locus of organizing activity and treating these locations as if they (a) were known exactly and (b) represented the location of individual members, we can treat the location of each organization as a random draw from a set of plausible locations and see how much the results of the analysis vary as a result of changing the set of randomly selected locations from one simulated dataset to the next. In the analysis presented in the book, the set of plausible locations attached to any given organization is allowed to vary depending on whether the name of the organization in question could be matched to a known location. For matched organizations, the set of plausible locations is defined by a circular sampling region centered on the coordinates of the location with which the organization is matched. In this case, the radius of the sampling region is set to three miles, which is equal to distance from the center of a standard civil township to its nearest border. For unmatched organizations, on the other hand, the sampling region is centered on the weighted average of postal locations, while the radius is expanded to nine miles to reflect the fact that we are less certain about the locus of organizing activity, as reflected in the fact that a greater share of the set of plausible locations will fall in different townships than the one occupied by the center of sampling region.
The figure below depicts the distribution of Alliance membership across the East River region of South Dakota based on the average location across fifty simulated datasets. Historical township boundaries were estimated using contemporary geographic data. Townships without an Alliance are marked by an “x,” while townships with an Alliance are shaded according to the log of the number of people mobilized. As this visualization suggests, we can think about Alliance mobilization as a hurdle process in which the expected number of people mobilized in a given township can be decomposed in terms of (a) the probability of Alliance formation and (b) the expected number of individuals mobilized in a township, conditional on having at least one Alliance organization present. While the average location of Alliance organizations is useful for visualization, it is less useful for the purposes of analysis due to the fact that uncertainty about the exact location of the organizations is not factored into the estimates. So rather than combining simulated datasets and then running a single model, I estimated separate negative binomial hurdle models for each dataset and then combined the results after the fact. As noted above, I will come back to these results another time. For now, I want to close by talking about how the results were actually combined as a way of highlighting the underappreciated connection between unweighted model averaging and multiple imputation.
I am on record as being opposed to the use of unweighted model averaging when combining results across models estimated using a single set of data. The reason why I am opposed to this is because some models are better than others and need to be weighted accordingly if the goal is to make inferences about the world, as opposed to simply summarizing the characteristics of the data in front of us. This reasoning no longer holds in the same way once we begin to think about averaging results across simulated datasets, which, unlike models, are self-weighting by virtue of how they are sampled. With this in mind, I compared the formulas used to combine results in the context of unweighted model averaging to Rubin’s rules for combining results in the context of multiple imputation for missing data and discovered that they are virtually the same! The only difference is that Rubin’s rules include a correction factor to account for the number of simulated datasets on which the combined estimates are based. In both cases, the chief advantage is the ability to produce an average point estimate accompanied by a standard error that incorporates information on both within- and between-sample variance.
Using Rubin’s rules in conjunction with cluster-robust standard errors to account for the nesting of townships in counties, I find that the expected number of people mobilized by the Alliance in any given township was around 9, with a 95 percent confidence interval ranging between roughly 7 and 11. This figure represents a combination of the estimated probability of having an Alliance organization—0.493—and the expected number of people mobilized, conditional on playing home to at least one Alliance—18.3. These estimates are based on the simple intercept-only model corresponding to the model implied by the map above. In future posts, we will look at more complicated specifications that speak to the relationship between market position and Populist mobilization while accounting for factors such as economic hardship, ethnic composition, and, perhaps most notably, population density.
Author
I am an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Virginia. My research interests lie at the intersection of historical and political sociology, spanning a range of topics including the relationship between politics and markets, state-building and the formation of the political field, and the spatial organization of political cleavage structures. I explore these themes at length in The Making of the Populist Movement, which examines the origins of electoral Populism in the American West during the late nineteenth century. My previous work on state and party formation in the United States Constitutional Convention of 1787 has appeared in the American Sociological Review.